Drama · Romance

Before Sunrise

Richard Linklater, 1995

American Jesse and French student Céline meet on a train to Vienna and spend a single night walking the city and talking. They fall in love simply by sharing thought after thought and paying close attention to each other. Richard Linklater's film is the most convincing case in cinema that talking is the most intimate thing 2 people can share.

Before Sunrise (1995) poster

At a glance

Before Sunrise is a 1995 drama and romance film directed by Richard Linklater. This breakdown covers 5 techniques (1 editing, 3 narrative and 1 sound), each with the scene where you can see it. If you like how it is made, Past Lives uses several of the same techniques.

Editing

Unbroken Dialogue Scene

Letting a conversation run for a long time with very few cuts. The tension builds from the actors sharing the space and from what is said, almost said and left unsaid.

How this film uses it

The entire film is pretty much a series of unbroken conversations (on the train, in the café, at the cemetery). Each one brings the couple closer as they keep adding honest thoughts.

Where to see it

The fake phone call scene in a cafe. In a roleplay, they each call a friend and describe the other. The pretend setup gives them enough distance to say what they really feel.

Narrative

Socratic Dialogue Structure

Building scenes out of questions and answers, where 1 character tests and picks apart what another believes. The argument itself drives the drama.

How this film uses it

Jesse and Céline do more than talk. They argue, give ground and push back. They fall in love as intellectual equals, and the film never lets either one be simply right.

Where to see it

The conversation about past lives. The topic starts as a game and ends up showing how emotionally exposed they both are.

Sound

Found Dialogue Performance

Using improvised or loosely scripted dialogue with false starts and interruptions. It has the rhythm of real speech, so it sounds like something actually said.

How this film uses it

Hawke and Delpy sound like they are improvising, even when the lines are scripted. Their sentences trail off, interrupt each other and circle back. That is why their closeness is as convincing as a real conversation.

Where to see it

The outdoor restaurant scene. Jesse confesses that he is cynical about romance. It comes out in stops and starts, and he sounds truly unsure.

Narrative

Observational Restraint

Watching events from a measured distance with no swelling music, tear-jerking close-ups or showy camera moves. The film trusts what happens to carry the weight on its own.

How this film uses it

Linklater's camera walks alongside Jesse and Céline and never leads them. It looks at Vienna plainly, without trying to make the city pretty. The couple come across as 2 people in a place first and as the leads of a romance second.

Where to see it

The long walk through the Prater park. The camera watches casually from a distance, which makes Vienna feel like a city people actually live in.

Narrative

Circular Structure

Ending the film where it started, or with a scene that echoes the opening. The repeat shows what has changed, or suggests the cycle will keep going.

How this film uses it

The film begins on a train and ends at a train station, where Céline's train is about to leave. The places they visited the night before also come back, now empty. Because of that return, the ending feels like a held breath and the story doesn't feel closed.

Where to see it

The final montage of the empty locations. In the early morning, the film revisits the café, the park bench and the bridge without the characters.

Questions

Before Sunrise: quick answers

What filmmaking techniques does Before Sunrise use?
CineCode breaks down 5 techniques in Before Sunrise (1995): Unbroken Dialogue Scene, Socratic Dialogue Structure, Found Dialogue Performance, Observational Restraint and Circular Structure.
Who directed Before Sunrise?
Richard Linklater directed Before Sunrise, released in 1995. CineCode also covers Dazed and Confused (1993), The School of Rock (2003), Before Sunset (2004), A Scanner Darkly (2006), Bernie (2012), Before Midnight (2013).
What films are similar to Before Sunrise?
Films that share techniques with Before Sunrise include Past Lives (2023), Moneyball (2011), The Ice Storm (1997), Lincoln (2012).