Comparison · 3 shared techniques

8½ vs City of Women

8½ (1963) and City of Women (1980) share 3 techniques. Here is how each film uses them.

Shared

Same technique, two films

Dream Logic Structure

Arranging scenes the way a dream moves, where one image leads to the next by feeling or association. Events don't follow normal cause and effect.

8½

Fellini moves between Guido's present, his childhood memories, his fantasies about women and his recurring harem dream. He gives you no warning and no transition when he switches. The way the film is put together copies the director's state of mind. That is, every time period and every desire is in his head at once, and he can't organize them into a film.

City of Women

One strange scene leads to the next by feeling, not by plot. The roller-skating escape, the mansion and the trial all follow a dreamer's logic.

Circular Structure

Ending the film where it started, or with a scene that echoes the opening. The repeat shows what has changed, or suggests the cycle will keep going.

8½

The film opens with Guido's dream of suffocating. It ends with the director inside the film ordering all his characters to dance together. Coming full circle settles something. Guido starts out paralyzed and ends up at peace with it. The film he couldn't make becomes the film Fellini made about not being able to make it.

City of Women

The film begins on a train and ends back there. The return tells you the whole adventure may have been in Snaporaz's head.

Unreliable Reality

Keeping it unclear what is real and what is imagined in the film's world. You end up as unsure as the main character.

8½

At any moment, what you're seeing could be Guido's memory, his fantasy, his anxiety or what is really happening. Fellini gives you no reliable signal when he moves between them. The film is about a man who can't separate his imagination from reality. It shows you that in the story, and it also makes you feel it through the way it is put together.

City of Women

Snaporaz follows a woman off a train, and the film keeps slipping between hotel, mansion and nightmare. At the end, you learn it was a dream.

Different

Where they split