Narrative technique · used in 1 film

External Memory System

Having a character use photographs, tattoos and notes as a memory that sits outside their head. The plot runs on these records, and the film keeps asking how far they can be trusted.

Examples

Where you can see it

  1. Memento (2000) poster

    Memento

    Christopher Nolan · 2000

    Leonard's polaroids with handwritten captions, his tattooed facts and his annotated notes add up to a memory system. The film shows that it can be gamed. Anyone who understands his condition can rewrite his reality by tampering with his notes. This outside memory is less reliable than the memory in his head that it replaced.

    Where to see it: Leonard writing on a polaroid. Writing things down turns out to be a way of making up the facts, which is very different from recording them.

Questions

Quick answers

What is external memory system in film?
Having a character use photographs, tattoos and notes as a memory that sits outside their head. The plot runs on these records, and the film keeps asking how far they can be trusted.
Which films use external memory system?
Memento (2000).
What kind of technique is external memory system?
It is a narrative technique. Related narrative techniques include Symbolic Object, Observational Restraint, Earned Catharsis.