Comedy · Drama · Romance

Licorice Pizza

Paul Thomas Anderson, 2021

It is 1973 in the San Fernando Valley. Gary Valentine, a 15-year-old actor, and 25-year-old Alana Kane run a waterbed store and a pinball arcade together. Something that is not quite romance grows between them. Paul Thomas Anderson's film mourns a California adolescence that existed at one specific moment and then was gone.

Licorice Pizza (2021) poster

At a glance

Licorice Pizza is a 2021 comedy, drama and romance film directed by Paul Thomas Anderson. This breakdown covers 4 techniques (2 narrative and 2 cinematography), each with the scene where you can see it. If you like how it is made, Nomadland uses several of the same techniques.

Narrative

Picaresque Structure

Telling the story as a loose string of separate adventures, often following a low-status hero through different levels of society. With no single plot, the episodes add up to a portrait of a world.

How this film uses it

The film moves through a series of set pieces: the waterbed delivery, the gas crisis, the pinball machines and Jon Peters. Each one is its own little adventure that adds to the portrait of Gary and Alana. None of them pushes toward a conventional plot ending.

Where to see it

The gas crisis sequence with Bradley Cooper's Jon Peters. It is a complete comic adventure that could stand alone. When it ends, the characters are back with each other and nothing between them is settled.

Cinematography

Period Color Separation

Giving each time period or social world in the film its own set of colors. You always know where and when you are, and the colors carry a mood too.

How this film uses it

Michael Bauman and PTA shoot the Valley in the warm, slightly faded colors of 1970s photography. The golden light of the San Fernando Valley summer makes the period feel lived-in.

Where to see it

The Valley's residential streets at golden hour. The light and color match the era so closely that the film pretty much looks like a photograph from 1973 that learned to move.

Cinematography

Handheld Cinema Vérité

Shooting with a handheld camera so the frame shakes and moves with the action. This documentary-style look, called cinema vérité, puts you uncomfortably close to the character.

How this film uses it

Anderson shoots many sequences with a loose handheld camera that trails after the characters. The camera is there as a witness. It catches Alana and Gary in motion, as close as a bystander who happened to have a camera.

Where to see it

The running sequences. Alana and Gary run toward each other at the film's climax, and the handheld camera struggles to keep up. You can physically feel the breathlessness in the image.

Narrative

Observational Restraint

Watching events from a measured distance with no swelling music, tear-jerking close-ups or showy camera moves. The film trusts what happens to carry the weight on its own.

How this film uses it

Anderson refuses to define what Alana and Gary are to each other until the very end. Almost everything the film says about their feelings comes through how they behave, how close they stand and the time they spend together.

Where to see it

The final stretch of Alana and Gary running toward each other. They collide outside a movie theater and fall over in a hug. You can read the feeling in the movement before anyone says a word.

Questions

Licorice Pizza: quick answers

What filmmaking techniques does Licorice Pizza use?
CineCode breaks down 4 techniques in Licorice Pizza (2021): Picaresque Structure, Period Color Separation, Handheld Cinema Vérité and Observational Restraint.
Who directed Licorice Pizza?
Paul Thomas Anderson directed Licorice Pizza, released in 2021. CineCode also covers Boogie Nights (1997), Hard Eight (1997), Magnolia (1999), Punch-Drunk Love (2002), There Will Be Blood (2007), The Master (2012).
What films are similar to Licorice Pizza?
Films that share techniques with Licorice Pizza include Nomadland (2020), Moonlight (2016), 12 Years a Slave (2013), Past Lives (2023).

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