Horror

The Exorcist

William Friedkin, 1973

A 12-year-old girl in Georgetown is possessed by an evil entity. Her desperate mother turns to a priest to perform an exorcism, and he is wrestling with his own crisis of faith. William Friedkin's film is still the definitive horror film about the body turned against the self.

The Exorcist (1973) poster

At a glance

The Exorcist is a 1973 horror film directed by William Friedkin. This breakdown covers 4 techniques (1 psychology, 1 editing and 2 cinematography), each with the scene where you can see it. If you like how it is made, Fight Club uses several of the same techniques.

Psychology

Psychoanalytic Horror

Turning things that happen inside the mind, like buried memories or a split sense of self, into real events in the story. The horror comes from the mind being invaded.

How this film uses it

The demon possessing Regan acts out a Freudian nightmare in the open. A child's body expresses adult sexuality and violence, the mother is helpless and the father is absent. The horror becomes a portrait of a family home under attack.

Where to see it

Regan's transformation scenes. The demon speaks through her body in a voice full of repressed adult knowledge that a 12-year-old should not have.

Editing

Subliminal Editing

Slipping single frames or very short shots into a scene, too fast for you to see clearly. You feel uneasy without knowing why.

How this film uses it

Friedkin inserts brief flashes of a demonic face throughout the film. You can see them if you freeze the frame. In motion, they only register subliminally, meaning below conscious notice. You are left with a constant sense of an evil presence just under the surface of what you normally see.

Where to see it

The demon face flash during Father Karras's nightmare. It is a single frame of a white-painted evil face. You sense it without being able to say what it was.

Cinematography

Production Design as Psychological Space

Designing the sets to reflect what is going on inside a character. The place they live in tells you things about them that the dialogue doesn't.

How this film uses it

Over the film, Regan's bedroom changes from a child's warm, cluttered room into a freezing, violated space. The set design tracks the possession by showing a safe home physically falling apart.

Where to see it

The bedroom's temperature dropping visibly. You can see breath and frost on the windows. The warm family room has turned into something that should not exist indoors.

Cinematography

Dutch Angle

Tilting the camera sideways so the horizon runs diagonally across the frame. The crooked picture makes a scene feel unstable, uneasy or morally off.

How this film uses it

A Dutch angle is a shot where the camera is tilted so the picture sits crooked. Friedkin uses these rarely and precisely. He saves them for moments when the supernatural has clearly broken into the rational world, so each tilt marks a point of no return.

Where to see it

The staircase scenes. The possessed Regan comes down the stairs upside down and backward, moving in ways a body cannot.

Questions

The Exorcist: quick answers

What filmmaking techniques does The Exorcist use?
CineCode breaks down 4 techniques in The Exorcist (1973): Psychoanalytic Horror, Subliminal Editing, Production Design as Psychological Space and Dutch Angle.
Who directed The Exorcist?
William Friedkin directed The Exorcist, released in 1973. CineCode also covers The French Connection (1971), Sorcerer (1977), Cruising (1980), To Live and Die in L.A. (1985), Rules of Engagement (2000), The Hunted (2003).
What films are similar to The Exorcist?
Films that share techniques with The Exorcist include Fight Club (1999), The Babadook (2014), Twelve Monkeys (1995), Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998).